Research project Protein extraction from lucerne and clover for broiler and pig feed
General introduction
Extracted protein from alfalfa and grass-clover offers potential to partially replace soy in pig and chicken rations. This is evident from the results of the LUZEX project. The project examined whether we could extract crude protein from the leguminous plants alfalfa and red clover, two green fodder crops whose cultivation techniques are well known, and then mix it into the rations of (organic) pigs and poultry. The establishment of alfalfa was very slow resulting in high weed pressure, but once established, alfalfa and grass clover confirmed their high yield potential (up to 20 t DS/ha) under Flemish conditions. A crude protein yield of 3000 kg RE/ha seems feasible in practice. With the current on-point extraction technique, this means a yield of 600-1800 kg extracted protein per ha. However, logistical challenges and high energy prices currently seem to hinder the commercial rollout of the technique.
Research approach
We started by reviewing the international literature and technical experience. Using the extraction equipment in the Food Pilot in Melle, we developed our own extraction protocol for protein from alfalfa and red clover. Different techniques and different growth stages of fresh and ensiled alfalfa and clover were tested. After finalizing this protocol, we determined the feed value of this protein for fattening pigs and chickens. We examined how the technique could be rolled out on an industrial scale, and what business model and chain could be created around this local protein stream for feed applications.
Relevance/Valorization
This research can help European agriculture (the livestock industry) to move away from dependence on imported protein sources for livestock feed. Livestock farmers have long been seeking more locally grown protein in rations. Ruminants (cows) can digest protein-rich alfalfa and clover (up to 20% crude protein content) on their own. Monogastrics -pigs and chickens- cannot digest these unless protein extraction is done first. Growing alfalfa and grass-clover succeeds very well under our climate and soils, with high yield potential and crude protein content. Depending on the growth stage (and stalk percentage), crude protein extraction efficiency varied between 10% and 30%. The protein quality was suitable to partially replace soy in swine and chicken diets. The fiber-rich fraction remaining after extraction had good feed value for valorization in dairy farming. However, logistical challenges and high prices for energy limit the large-scale roll-out of this technique.
Financing
Vlaamse Overheid - L&V
